In the production process, a preferential direction is applied to anisotropic magnets by using an external magnetic field. In a magnetizing process following later, the maximum magnetic values are obtained in this direction.
There is distinction between the coercive field force BHc, the flux density, and the coercive field force IHc of the polarisation. The coercive field force BHc (in the case of the closed magnetic circle) is defined as demagnetized field strength required for the removal of the flux density B. The coercive field force IHc is the demagnetized field strength whereby the polarisation I becomes zero. Thus, by applying IHc, a body becomes non-magnetic. Practically speaking, all materials with high permeability are magnetic, mainly iron, nickel, cobalt, and their alloys. All other materials are non-magnetic (brass, copper, wood, stone etc.).
Part of the hysterisis loop within the second quadrant of the coordinate system (B respectively M positive, H negative). By measuring the demagnetizing curve, the most important magnetic features are determined.
Product of flux density B and field strength H in the second quadrant of the demagnetizing- curve. The energy product has a maximum (BH)max between the points Br and BHc. The maximum energy product may be defined as maximum stored magnetic energy and serves as material constant when assessing permanent magnetic components (see fig. 1).
Signifies value and direction of a magnetic field may be defined in various ways. For example: The potential energy of a small permanent magnet with magnetic moment m within the magnetic field H is provided by:
Product from flux density B x area F, interspersed by the magnetic field. Unit: 1 Vs = 1 Weber (Wb).
Describes the strength of the magnetic field as H does. Whereas, outside magnetizable matter, B and H differ only by a constant factor, B accounts for the influence of the magnetisation within such materials.
Unit: 1 Vs/m² = Wb/m² = 104 G = 1 T
Most common are the units
1 T = 104 G und 1 mT = 10 G
Formerly common unit of the magnetic flux density.
Isotropic magnets may be magnetized in all directions with the identical magnetic features.
In the production process, a preferential direction is applied to anisotropic magnets by using an external magnetic field. In a magnetizing process following later, the maximum magnetic values are obtained in this direction.
| Qualität | Br | bHc | iHc | Bhmax | max. Arbeitstemperatur | Dichte | Temperatur-Koeffizient Br | Temperatur-Koeffizient iHc | Curie Temperatur | ||||
| mT ≥ | kG ≥ | kA/m ≥ | KOe ≥ | kA/m ≥ | KOe ≥ | kJ/m³ ≥ | MGOe ≥ | °C | g/cm³ ≈ | %/°C | %/°C | °C | |
| Permaflex® isotrop | 163 | 1,63 | 110 | 1,4 | 240 | 3,0 | 4,5 | 0,57 | 70 | 3,6 | -0,20/td | -0,35 | 450 |
| Permaflex® anisotrop | 220 | 2,20 | 170 | 2,1 | 280 | 3,5 | 9 | 1,13 | 70 | 3,6 | -0,20/td | -0,35 | 450 |
| Permadym® | 4800 | 4,80 | 294 | 3,7 | 636 | 8,0 | 51 | 6,5 | 70 | 5,3 | -0,11/td | -0,65 | 310 |
| Qualität | Br | bHc | iHc | Bhmax | max. Arbeitstemperatur | Dichte | Temperatur-Koeffizient Br | Temperatur-Koeffizient iHc | Curie Temperatur | ||||
| mT ≥ | kG ≥ | kA/m ≥ | KOe ≥ | kA/m ≥ | KOe ≥ | kJ/m³ ≥ | MGOe ≥ | °C | g/cm³ ≈ | %/°C | %/°C | °C | |
| OXI 100 | 200 | 2,00 | 125 | 1,57 | 210 | 2,64 | 6,5 | 0,80 | 250 | 4,5 | -0,2/td | -0,5 | 450 |
| OXI 300 | 350 | 3,50 | 228 | 2,85 | 235 | 2,93 | 24 | 3,02 | 250 | 4,8 | -0,2/td | -0,35 | 450 |
| OXI 340 | 365 | 3,65 | 230 | 2,87 | 235 | 2,93 | 26 | 3,39 | 250 | 4,8 | -0,2/td | -0,35 | 450 |
| OXI 340H | 380 | 3,80 | 275 | 4,37 | 300 | 3,75 | 27 | 3,40 | 250 | 4,8 | -0,2/td | -0,35 | 450 |
| OXI 400 | 395 | 3,95 | 265 | 3,31 | 270 | 3,37 | 31 | 3,90 | 250 | 4,8 | -0,2/td | -0,35 | 450 |
| Qualität | Br | bHc | iHc | Bhmax | max. Arbeitstemperatur | Dichte | Temperatur-Koeffizient Br | Temperatur-Koeffizient iHc | Curie Temperatur | ||||
| mT ≥ | kG ≥ | kA/m ≥ | KOe ≥ | kA/m ≥ | KOe ≥ | kJ/m³ ≥ | MGOe ≥ | °C | g/cm³ ≈ | %/°C | %/°C | °C | |
| N35 | 1180 | 11,80 | 860 | 10,8 | 955 | 12 | 267 | 33,5 | 80 | 7,45 | -0,11 | -0,85 | 320 |
| N42 | 1300 | 13,00 | 876 | 11,0 | 955 | 12 | 323 | 40,5 | 80 | 7,45 | -0,11 | -0,85 | 320 |
| N48 | 1380 | 13,80 | 891 | 11,2 | 955 | 12 | 366 | 46 | 80 | 7,45 | -0,11 | -0,85 | 320 |
| N55 | 1460 | 14,60 | 716 | 9,0 | 876 | 11 | 414 | 52 | 80 | 7,45 | -0,11 | -0,85 | 320 |
| N35M | 1180 | 11,80 | 860 | 10,8 | 1114 | 14 | 267 | 33,5 | 100 | 7,45 | -0,11 | -0,80 | 320 |
| N42M | 1300 | 13,00 | 955 | 12,0 | 1114 | 14 | 323 | 40,5 | 100 | 7,45 | -0,11 | -0,80 | 320 |
| N35H | 1180 | 11,80 | 876 | 11,0 | 1353 | 17 | 267 | 33,5 | 120 | 7,55 | -0,12 | -0,75 | 350 |
| N42H | 1300 | 13,00 | 979 | 12,3 | 1353 | 17 | 323 | 40,5 | 120 | 7,55 | -0,12 | -0,75 | 350 |
| N50H | 1390 | 13,90 | 1035 | 13,0 | 1274 | 16 | 374 | 47 | 120 | 7,55 | -0,12 | -0,75 | 350 |
| N35SH | 1180 | 11,80 | 876 | 11,0 | 1592 | 20 | 267 | 33,5 | 150 | 7,55 | -0,11 | -0,60 | 380 |
| N42SH | 1300 | 13,00 | 995 | 12,5 | 1592 | 20 | 323 | 40,5 | 150 | 7,55 | -0,11 | -0,60 | 380 |
| N48SH | 1360 | 13,60 | 995 | 12,5 | 1512 | 19 | 358 | 45 | 150 | 7,55 | -0,11 | -0,60 | 380 |
| N35UH | 1180 | 11,80 | 876 | 11,0 | 1990 | 25 | 267 | 33,5 | 180 | 7,55 | -0,10 | -0,55 | 380 |
| N42UH | 1270 | 12,70 | 971 | 12,2 | 1990 | 25 | 310 | 39 | 180 | 7,55 | -0,10 | -0,55 | 380 |
| N38EH | 1220 | 12,20 | 899 | 11,3 | 2388 | 30 | 291 | 36,5 | 200 | 7,55 | -0,09 | -0,50 | 380 |
| N33AH | 1140 | 11,40 | 844 | 10,6 | 2786 | 35 | 251 | 31,5 | 220 | 7,55 | -0,08 | -0,45 | 380 |
Process of aligning the elementary magnetic areas by an external magnetic field.
Former unit for the magnetic flux.
Former unit for magnetic field strength.
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Remanence is the induction (flux density) remaining in a ferrous magnetic material after removal of the magnetizing field. The numerical value of the remanence applies as material constant for the case of the closed circle (H = 0) and is called true remanence (Br). In the opened magnetic circuit Br drops to the value of the apparent remanence Br.
A magnetization, which can maximally be achieved by parallel alignment of all magnetic moments, is called saturation magnetization.
Permanent magnet pressed from a mixture of magnetizable powders and hardened by heating in a vacuum.
Unit for the magnetic Flux.
1 Tesla (T)= 104 G = 1 Vs/m2
Indicates the dependency of the magnetic material's characteristic data Br and BHc upon temperature. The temperature coefficients for Br, respectively BHc differ.
Unit for the magnetic Flux.
1 weber (Wb) = 1 Vs = 108 Maxwell